2. This term has been useful in discussing the personality variables that we observe in second language learners.
1. Before I proceed with my discussion on ____研究問題_______, I need to define an important concept翻譯社 _____所要定義的概念_____.
2. This term has been useful in discussing ___________________ that we observe in ___________________.
3. _____所要界說的概念_____ refers to _____所要定義概念的內容_____.
4. It is often contrasted with _____與所界說概念作對比的另外一概念___________翻譯社 which deals with ____另一概念的定義內容_________. (若不作概念的對照，則可省略)
5. An example of ___________________ that falls within _____所要界說的概念_____ is the idea of _____所要界說概念的例子______.
6. _____所要界說概念的例子______ has to do with ______例子的內容________.
7. In terms of ____研究題目_______, we often assume that ___________________. (可省略)
下一句又針對何謂自負作一簡短申明，句中動詞has to do with也是跟refer to和deal with一樣，常用來講明概念。
研究論文中常有很多重要或抽象的概念需要先下界說，才能睜開後續的商量翻譯而下界說除描述某一概念之外，還可供給其相對的概念作為參照，也可進一步供應該概念的例子作為申明。請看以下的典範段落:
5. An example of a personality factor that falls within the affective domain is the idea of self-esteem
第四句是定義認知範疇(cognitive domain)，來與所界說的情義範疇尴尬刁難照，用以突顯二者的差別翻譯句中的which是關係代名詞，用以取代其前的名詞cognitive domain，而which之後的動詞deal with是第三句的動詞refer to一樣，都是經常使用來撰寫定義的片語。
1. Before I proceed with my discussion on second language acquisition翻譯社 I need to define an important concept, the affective domain. 2. This term has been useful in discussing the personality variables that we observe in second language learners. 3. The affective domain refers to the feelings that everyone experiences. 4. It is often contrasted with the cognitive domain翻譯社 which deals with our analytical abilities. 5. An example of a personality factor that falls within the affective domain is the idea of self-esteem. 6. Your self-esteem has to do with your view of yourself. 7. In terms of second language acquisition, we often assume that high self-esteem leads to success in language acquisition.
第五句是就界定的概念供應相幹的例證，本句就是在所界的定情意範疇中提出個性身分(personality factor)，亦即自尊(self-esteem)的例子。此句的personality factor與第二句中的personality variable是溝通的意思，論文寫作中有時variable與factor會交替利用，以增加字彙使用的多樣性。
最後一句又回到第一句曾提過的研究問題第二說話習得，有前後呼應的效果，而且把自負的概念與說話習得成功聯結起來翻譯
第二句再描寫為何需要界說這個概念，首要是因為據研究者考察，它在本文所要接頭的個性變項( personality variable)中是很有效的(useful)。
請按以上講解說明和你本身的研究內容，填入以下段落的空格來表達所要定義的概念:
3. Affective domain refers to the feelings that everyone experiences.
整段文字中的幾個概念其實有條理關係，從最上一層的second language acquisition依序為affective domain翻譯社 personality variable/ factor到最基層的 self-esteem。文字的進展上也是從第一句開始依序將這些概念介紹出來。
l 講解:
4. It is often contrasted with the cognitive domain, which deals with our analytical abilities.
Ø 為概念下界說(defining concepts)
7. In terms of second language acquisition, we often assume that high self-esteem leads to success in language acquisition.
l 實習:
由以上段落分析，為概念下界說的段落寫法的架構可由以下七個句子構成，但寫作時若不用為所定義的概念尴尬刁難比，則可省略第四句；若為精簡，亦可省略第七句:
第三句就直指情義範疇的界說，動詞用refer to是論文寫作中界定辭彙的經常使用片語。
1. Before I proceed with my discussion on second language acquisition, I need to define an important concept, affective domain.
Before I proceed with my discussion on __________________, I need to define an important concept, __________________. This term has been useful in discussing __________________ that we observe in __________________. __________________ refers to __________________. It is often contrasted with __________________, which deals with __________________. An example of __________________ that falls within __________________ is the idea of __________________. __________________has to do with __________________. In terms of __________________, we often assume that __________________.
l 句型:
首句指出在本文的研究問題第二說話習得(second language acquisition)中首先要界說的概念是什麼，作者指出此一主要概念就是情義領域(affective domain)翻譯另可注意該概念之前要加逗點的寫法。
在天成翻譯公司繼續往下商量第二語言習得之前，天成翻譯公司需要先界定一個主要概念: 情義領域。這個辭彙在接洽我們所觀察第二語言進修者的個性變項中是很有效的翻譯情意範疇是指每一個人都會體驗到的感觸感染。它平日是個與認知領域相對的概念，而認知範疇是處置我們的分析能力。在情義範疇中個性因素的例子中有所謂的自尊，
6. Your self-esteem has to do with your view of yourself.
廖柏森
以下文章來自: http://blog.udn.com/trjason/2295570有關各國語文翻譯公證的問題歡迎諮詢天成翻譯公司02-77260931
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